CBD is now on everyone's lips – in oils, capsules, creams, and even drinks. But what exactly is it? In this article, you will learn in an easy-to-understand way what cannabidiol is, how it works, how it differs from THC, and how CBD is extracted. This will help you better assess what it really contains and which product is right for you.
What is CBD?
CBD stands for cannabidiol. It is a natural active ingredient from the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa) and belongs to the so-called phytocannabinoids. These plant substances can interact with certain receptors in our body and thus influence various processes. Unlike THC, CBD does not cause intoxication, but has a gentle balancing and relaxing effect.
Cannabidiol is mainly extracted from the flowers and leaves of the cannabis plant. Today, you can find it in many products, such as CBD oils, capsules, and CBD cosmetics. Many people appreciate it because it can help reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote general well-being.
How does CBD differ from THC?
CBD and THC both come from the hemp plant, but they have completely different effects. THC affects consciousness and can cause intoxication, which is why it is classified as a narcotic in many countries. CBD, on the other hand, has no psychoactive effects. It can relax you without making you tired or drowsy, which is why it is often used as a natural aid for the body and mind.
Many people use CBD to improve sleep, find inner peace, or as a supplement for pain and tension. While THC is known for its "high" effect, CBD is more associated with balance and regeneration.
How is CBD extracted?
CBD is mainly found in the flowers of the hemp plant, and in smaller quantities in the leaves and stems. To produce CBD oil, the active ingredient is extracted from the plant using a gentle extraction process, often known as CO₂ extraction. This preserves the sensitive plant substances. The pure extract is then mixed with a carrier oil, usually hemp oil, MCT oil, or olive oil.
A common misconception: hemp oil and CBD oil are not the same thing. Hemp oil is pressed from the seeds, has a mild nutty flavor, and is a healthy food, but it contains hardly any CBD. When buying, make sure that the label explicitly says "CBD oil" or "cannabidiol" and not just "hemp oil."
How does CBD work in the body?
For CBD to work, it needs a system that responds to it—and that's exactly what we have: the endocannabinoid system. It is part of our nervous system and plays a role in many processes, such as sleep, mood, appetite, pain perception, and stress responses.
CBD indirectly influences these processes by interacting with the body's own receptors and helping to maintain balance. It does not have a numbing or intoxicating effect, but rather a balancing one. Research suggests that CBD may have anti-inflammatory, relaxing, and anxiety-relieving properties, but the exact mechanisms of action are still being investigated.
What is the entourage effect?
If you are interested in CBD, sooner or later you will hear about the entourage effect. The idea behind this is that the various ingredients of the cannabis plant, i.e., cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, work better together than in isolation.
This means that in a full-spectrum CBD oil containing several of these compounds, the effects could reinforce each other. Many users report that these oils have a more harmonious and "well-rounded" effect. If you want to avoid THC, you can opt for a broad-spectrum oil. It also contains many plant compounds, but no detectable THC.
What are the areas of application for CBD?
CBD has become an integral part of many health and wellness routines. It is used as a natural remedy to promote well-being, calmness, and regeneration. But what can cannabidiol actually do, and what are its limitations?
Which medical applications are officially recognized?
In Europe, CBD has only been approved as a medicine in a few cases so far. The best known is Epidyolex, a prescriptiondrug used to treat rare forms of epilepsy, such as Dravet syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
In addition, there is Nabiximols (Sativex) mouth spray, which contains both CBD and THC. It is used to treat spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) when conventional medications are not sufficiently effective.
Numerous studies are currently underway for other conditions, such as anxiety disorders, chronic pain, or inflammation, but there is no official approval as yet. Scientific research is active, but the data is not yet conclusive.
Where is CBD commonly used in everyday life?
Many people use CBD products to promote their general well-being. These are not medical treatments, but complementary measures that can help bring the body and mind into balance.
Can CBD help with stress and inner turmoil?
A very common area of application is stress management. CBD can influence the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in regulating stress responses. Many people report feeling more relaxed, focused, and balanced when using CBD.
Even during periods of high stress, whether at work or in your private life, CBD can provide gentle support to help you regain your inner peace.
Does CBD promote better sleep?
Sleep problems are one of the most common reasons why people try CBD. Cannabidiol can help you relax in the evening and improve the quality of your sleep. It does not have a soporific effect, but supports natural relaxation, which is important for restful sleep.
Many people take a few drops of CBD oil about 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime and report that they find it easier to switch off and sleep better.
Can CBD relieve pain and inflammation?
Another area in which CBD is frequently used is for pain and inflammation. Studies suggest that cannabidiol can influence pain processing via certain receptors in the nervous system.
That is why some people use CBD for joint or muscle pain, back problems, or chronic inflammation. Topical products such as CBD creams or balms are often applied directly to the affected areas to have a local effect.
What role does CBD play in skin care?
CBD has long since found its place in cosmetics. Thanks to its antioxidant, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used in anti-aging creams, serums, and skin care oils.
CBD can help to soothe redness, blemishes, or dry skin and improve the complexion. People with sensitive or mature skin also report positive effects, especially when CBD is combined with other nourishing ingredients such as vitamin E, hemp oil, or aloe vera.
How can CBD support mental well-being?
CBD is also being researched in relation to mental health. Initial studies show that it can affect the serotonin system in the brain. This is the system that influences our mood and emotional balance.
Many users report that CBD makes them feel less anxious, calmer, and more balanced. It is not a substitute for psychotherapy, but it can be a useful supplement if you want to reduce your stress levels naturally.
Why do athletes use CBD?
CBD has also gained a foothold in sports. After intense training sessions, it helps many athletes regenerate muscles faster and reduce microinflammation.
Creams or oils containing CBD are applied specifically to stressed muscle areas after training to relieve tension and support the body's recovery process.
Since CBD is not psychoactive and does not enhance performance in the doping sense, it is also becoming increasingly accepted in professional sports.
What CBD products are available?
CBD is available in many forms today. Depending on what you are looking for—whether it's inner peace, better sleep quality, or targeted skin care—you can find products that fit into your everyday life.
CBD oil
CBD oil is probably the best known and most versatile form. It is dripped under the tongue, where it is quickly absorbed through the mucous membranes. This allows the active ingredient to enter the bloodstream directly, and you will usually feel the effects within 30 to 60 minutes. The dosage can be easily adjusted, drop by drop. Many people take CBD oil in the evening to relax or to sleep better. Pay attention to the concentration information, because depending on the strength, a drop can have a very different dosage.
CBD capsules and tablets
Capsules are a practical alternative if you don't like the taste of oil or want to determine your dose precisely. They contain standardized amounts of CBD and are ideal for on the go. The effect takes a little longer to kick in because the CBD is absorbed through the digestive tract, but it lasts longer.
CBD creams, balms, and ointments
Topical products such as CBD creams, balms, or lotions are applied directly to the skin. They are suitable for local application, for example, for muscle tension, skin irritations, or dry skin. CBD can help here thanks to its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. Many people combine such products with nourishing ingredients such as aloe vera, hemp oil, or shea butter.
CBD flowers
CBD flowers are the unprocessed flowers of the hemp plant with natural CBD content and minimal THC. They can be vaporized in a vaporizer, which releases the active ingredients without combustion. Vaporization ensures rapid absorption, as the CBD enters the bloodstream directly via the lungs. This option is particularly interesting for experienced users who prefer an immediate effect. Be sure to look for certified quality and legal origin, as flowers are regulated differently depending on the country.
CBD Edibles and Beverages
CBD is also available in edible form, such as in gummies, chocolate, capsules, or drinks. The effect takes longer to kick in here, as the CBD is first processed in the digestive system. However, the effect often lasts for several hours. Edibles are well suited for people who prefer a discreet and convenient form of intake.
CBD vape liquids
In addition to flowers, there are also special CBD liquids for e-cigarettes or vaporizers. They usually contain pure cannabidiol in a carrier substance. The effect is similar to that of vaporizing the flowers. Due to the rapid absorption, some people use CBD liquids for acute relaxation or inner restlessness.
CBD products for animals
Pets can also benefit from CBD. There are specially formulated oils or treats for dogs and cats that can help with stress or age-related ailments. It is important to only use animal products that do not contain any additional flavors or ingredients that are unsuitable for animals.
What side effects and interactions are possible?
CBD is generally considered to be well tolerated and can be taken without any problems by most people. Nevertheless, as with any active ingredient, side effects may occur in some cases. The body may react differently, especially at higher doses or if you take medication regularly.
The most common side effects include fatigue, dry mouth, mild gastrointestinal discomfort, or changes in appetite. These effects are usually mild and often disappear as soon as you reduce the dose or stop taking the product.
Potential interactions with medications require a little more attention. CBD is broken down in the liver, where it can use the same metabolic pathway as certain medications. This applies, for example, to blood thinners, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and painkillers. In such cases, CBD can intensify or prolong their effects.
If you take medication regularly, suffer from liver disease, are pregnant, or are considering using CBD on a child, talk to your doctor first. This will ensure that there are no undesirable interactions.
CBD is not a panacea, but it can be a natural companion that brings balance to the body and mind when used consciously and responsibly.